Learning teams

A key feature of learning is to work within a team environment. The student may find themselves working in a team environment comprised of students of different gender, political and religious beliefs, ages and life experiences etc. It is well recognized within the literature that the interdependence of the knowledge, skills and competencies across group members can lead to innovative problem-solving and active learning. Groups are a part of social life.Each of us is a member of many different groups (Bennis & Shepherd, 1956). Before my social work course I had not really thought about all the different types of groups that exist as having a similar structure, and as going through similar processes, whether it be a group of professionals conferencing on a topic, a study group, a committee determining policy changes, or sporting group discussing next weeks strategy of play (Forsythe, 1990, 1998). Many of the groups that a person is a member of can impact greatly on their lives  œ either positively or negatively.On reflection I can see how being placed into a group, instead of choosing one myself to be in one, would represent many group formations in the professional world. In the workforce people are often put into teams without having a choice. So it seems that becoming a member of a group without actively participating in the formation has some real world practicalities. Learning in small groups is very powerful. The development of trust and communication within a group is what leads to the creation of a â€Å"team† mentality. Collaborative learning has helped me to break down problems such as understanding a theory, and to look at it from different angles. I believe this has given me a much more comprehensive understanding of class materials.Learning in a team was productive given the problem-based learning approach that we took in class. Active learning methods such as challenging ourselves by asking open-ended questions (i.e., those that cannot be answered just with a Yes/No); having a small group (less than 7) that allowed for deliberations that could be voted upon within a timely manner; and our teacher took on a ‘facilitator† role to encourage us to discover our own solutions, as opposed to a â€Å"mug-and-jug† approach which would have set the teacher up as the â€Å"expert† there to â€Å"fill us with knowledge†.I found that I had to take much more responsibility for my learning experiences, and that I was accountable to the group to achieve the goals and tasks that were delegated to me. I can understand how the use of problem-based learning can enhance content knowledge and cultivate the creation of communication skills as well as those of solving dilemmas and problems and developing a sense of self-directed learning skill (c.f., Hendry, Lyon, Prosser, & Sze, 2006). I like the real world application of the process to solve problems encountered on a day-to-day basis.Effectively changi ng roles with my teacher meant I had to take on much more responsibility in order to meet my education goals, and ironically I found this empowering and found myself more motivated to complete assignments. My sense of accomplishment was phenomenal as I achieved outcomes that at first seem like great mountains of problems. I expect this experience to enable me to continue a successful life of life-long learning.Having problems that our team set ourselves drive our learning was a unique experience. Inquiry-based learning has greatly improved my learning experience as compared to the didactic system. I agree with Schmidt that, â€Å"PBL provides an environment in which students can draw upon prior knowledge, learn within the real-world context, and reinforce the knowledge through independent and small group work† (www.samdford.edu., 2006). I feel I have â€Å"learnt to learn† and look forward to using these cognitive problem-solving tools more in my life and education.Ref erencesBennis, W.G. & Shepherd, H.A. (1956) A theory of group development. HumanRelations, 9, 415-437.Forsyth, D.R. (1990, 1998) Group dynamics. Brooks/Cole Publishing: Pacific Grove.Hendry, G.D., Lyon, PM, Prosser, M, & Sze, D. (2006) Conceptions of problem-based learning:The perspectives of students entering a problem-based medical program. Medical Teacher,28(6), 573 – 575.www.samford.edu (2006). Background of Problem-Based Learning. Retrieved January 8, 2008,from http://www.samford.edu/ctls/pbl_background.html

I Owe It All to You

Winds flew in every direction. With a tremendous wrath, with a sounding of voices creeping through my window as they embraced me in my sleep. Giving me the shivers to run through my spine. Waking me up! From such a sweet, sweet! Dream. It was a cold and terrifying day as I dressed myself with that old blue jacket of mine, frightened in panic and stress. For my first day of school for the cold and windy fall. I drove off to school with a big question mark on my face. Whether I would make it on time to pick my automotive class or would I sit there in dislike with a sour face on my soul, on the dislike of my classes. On my way to school I approached a fragment of the road where it looked like a horrifying most traumatic accident had happen leaving swirls of tire marks! Pieces of glass! And plastic on the floor, stained with the blood of a poor soul. As I slowly drove by the scene I could not of helped but to notice that my car was acting up. I had gotten a flat from the broken glass on the road. Like if the odds were against me, in a desperate cry for help. I cried for compassion and strength, but most importantly for my automotive class. Pulling over to fix the flat on my car, the cold and windy day fought against me making me take longer than I expect it. Causing my chances of an on time arrival at school to vanish into thin air. I got to school and entered the big red doors to the office asking for my automotive class. To my luck I was left with a sour face on my soul. It had been taken!. Left with no option but to choose the last class remaining. The seventh choice on my list Art 101. As I entered the colorful room of art I was in for the surprise of my life. Where my world would turn in an unparallel universe filled of positive influence, encouragement, persuasiveness and the most awesome job on the face of the planet. It began with a special teacher name Mr. Salas the top influential person in my career. He influenced my life in such a way that never did I had to look any were else. My first day I stepped into his colorful full of life classroom. He noticed my big sour face sitting in the far back corner of the class with a pencil and blank piece of paper. He then walked up to me and said â€Å"If you only knew what worlds await you with that pencil and paper in your hand† he left me with a question in my mind as to what he had meant by that and what was so great in his world that I did not know. Curious to know I asked him what was so intriguing that it had him hooked. With a smile on his face he gently but most kindly and confident he answered, â€Å"Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known†. If you can understand this then you will be free. As the day ended it hit me in the head like a rock thrown by a baseball pitcher. B-O-O-M† I finally understood what it meant. From that moment forth I was a changed man, I considered myself to be the luckiest man to have fallen in that class by chance. My perspective towards life changed in the blink of an eye and I knew what had to be done. I then went to him and said to him, â€Å"I’m free now†. He slowly turned and looked at me wi th a spark in his eye and yield â€Å"G-R-E-A-T†, â€Å"Now we can proceed† he said. From that day on I knew I was in debt with him. Thinking of how some stranger managed to influence my life, my thoughts. Molding me into a new man filled with an encouragement to fulfill my new dreams. As the months passed by Mr. Salas became the second person to my mother who I greatly loved, to encourage my life. He was always there with something positive to say and a hand full of answers to all my artistic problems. As our professional most friendly relationship grew. So did my progress in the art profession. He would show me the strategies and methods to an artist mind. Sculpting me! Piece by piece like if he himself was the great Michelangelo. As the days continued so did the routine and that same man walking through that door with a Hawaiian shirt he loved so much. He would walk up to me every morning and look at my work and no matter how big I had messed up his words were always the same. Filled with encouragement and excitement towards new progress. He would start being persuasive as he seen that my progress was incompatibly high. He realized that my skills were rapidly getting better by the day. Not wasting a moment of the day he would persuade me to do better. He had finally brought out on me the true potential that once was hidden deep inside me. He would make me each day practice more and more, he would call it liberation of the soul. To all I knew It felt like persuasion to do more, but that was just my opinion. He always new how to better me, pushing me to think bigger and deeper to create work of art like no other before. Till one day he entered that room.. With a bigger smile than ever before. In his hand he held a sheet of paper, he walked straight to me and said, â€Å"Guess what? †, â€Å"WHAT!? † I said. â€Å"You have been signed up to compete in an art contest! †. I did not know what to say as I felt plain as a sheet of paper and hot like the beating sun. Not knowing what to answer I smiled and said â€Å"WOW REALLY? . I had finally gotten a grip of my self and was most exited but nervous and pressured at the same time. I then entered the contest and to my biggest surprise I had won first prize. As the years passed by his persuasion was finally over, as he had finish his masterpiece. Thanking him for all the time and work he had dedicated to me. Turning me into the greatest artist i n the country ready to go out and began my solo career. As I searched for my new life as an artist. I began to create some art work to send to the biggest firms of art in the world. I felt sluggish and scared as my great art teacher was not by my side on this one. I called him over an evening night for dinner as we discussed some ideas for the projects I would send to the art firms. He then drastically described what had been the most radical stupendous idea of all time. His idea was filled of crazy ideas and lots of colors I then later that week began to work on this idea he had given me, I started to shape it and color it and twisted as I worked on it more and more I couldn’t help but to not look at it. It was perfect, I sent it in to my first choice firm and within the next day I was called upon to report myself for work. As my body felt like gravity had just came upon it, I rapidly stood up and screamed with excitement at my four walls in my small little house. I was finally a big time artist like Mr. Salas wanted me to be. He was always there for me through the good and the bad never gave up on me. Always pushing me to do better encouraging me when I most needed. If it wasn’t for that first day of school when he said to me that phrase that influenced my life, I would not be the great artist I am today. On my fist day on the job I told everybody at work how I had gotten there. Everybody was amazed at the story giving me six words and only six to say to this great man. The next day I woke up early in the morning it was a bright and warm day. The birds outside sang like never before like the angels themselves were singing. As I drove down the beautiful road full of life blowing through. I arrived at Mr. Salas house. That old yellow house In the one I spent many of my free time practicing my technique. I walked to the door and knocked on it three times. A minute ater the foot steps of someone walking towards me were heard, my heart rushed with excitement and adrenaline at the same time. When the door was finally open their stood the man that never one instant doubt it me. Holding his favorite coffee mug in one hand and in the other his all time favorite newspaper, looking at me with a smile on his face. I stood their blank as I could not of helped but to run the story in my mind of the first day I met this man. When I finally came back to reality all that came out of my mouth were them six magical words, â€Å"I OWE IT ALL TO YOU! †.

Go Pro Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Go Pro Case Study - Essay Example During a surfing activity with camera in his palm he got his business idea. The future wife of the Woodman, Woodman’s mother and Woodman’s father gave the startup capital to do the business. Arrangement of money, creation of the team and the arrangement of several other resources were the main challenges in front of the Nick Woodman. Learning the market and the customer were also initial challenges for Woodman. Currently the business of the GoPro is significantly successful. In the year 2013 the revenue of the organization increased by 87% and the total revenue was $985 million. The company is certainly profitable in nature. Net income almost doubled in the year of 2013. It became $61 million in 2013 in compare to $32 million of 2012. All these facts are clearly articulating its profitability. Both revenue and the net income have increased which are clear indications of profitability. Sony action cam and CENTR cam are the competitions for the GoPro. The company went for initial public offering in the month of June 2014. Almost $100 million capital was raised from the sale of stocks. The stock was traded in between the range of $21 to $24. Being an US company in NASDAQ the stock is being traded. Code of the stock in NASDAQ is GPRO. Ten years full of slogs, dedicated and committed management, business understanding and the innovation of products are the driving forces for the growth of the company. GoPro sales High Definition personal cameras mainly for the purpose of the extreme and action related video photography. Targeted customers of the GoPro are active teenagers, athletes; people who are involved with deep water surfing and enjoy different expeditions, adventures and mountaineering (Solomon). Marketing campaigns of the GoPro are intoxicating in nature. The organization knows very well how to amaze the people. The organization allows its users to make commercials of the company. All these created such a strong brand identity. Nick Woodman and his

The Changing Role of HRM in the NHS Dissertation

The Changing Role of HRM in the NHS - Dissertation Example Since the inception of these new changes, the HRM practices have played some significant part in the national health services. There has been a remarkable change in HRM, which has reduced the challenges faced when the HRM is discharging their services to the citizens. One of the changes realized is transparency between the servants of HRM and the other government bodies. This has been realized through enhanced talks and auditing. The Officials of the HRM are also accountable to other higher government agencies as they act as a link between workforces and the managerial teams. There is also a public interview whenever new officials are recruited; this helps to bring about equality in employment (Goyal 229). Whenever there is a complaint against the practices of HRM, it has to undergo procedural steps for proper scrutinizing. This has helped to do away with propaganda and it enables proper representation of each party that is involved. There is also installation of safety measures to g uard the wellbeing of both the staff and the citizens. This contributes to high motivation among the staff because they feel secure while undertaking the activities of discharging their services to the people (Goyal 237). They are also entitled to a compensation, which enable them get some benefits. For instance, better policies are formalized, such as statutory benefits and insurance schemes. The HRM, aiming at achieving a better healthcare, conducts all these services and they have been pivotal in the development of a better image in the healthcare sector. The HR management is thus undertaking a new role of bringing a new understanding and flexibility in the delivery of health services, which results to the healthcare efficiency. The information system was appropriate as it used a common service center. For instance, there is the usage of human labor force in keeping records of sickness absence and the internal auditing of repots, which hinders accountability. Consequently, there is a problem of comprehensive evaluation of staff sickness absence. Evidently, a better information system needs to be implemented in order to improve the efficiency of line managers in order to deal with sickness absence accordingly. Sources have revealed that the formulation of proper policies, systematic procedures, and innovations in the key target areas are key in its accomplishment. For example, there is the provision of better terms and creation of a welfare unit to deal with the wellbeing of the staff .The sick staff has also been entitled to a full pay leave of six months and a half pay for the additional six months. Additionally, there is the development of a plan for purposes of catering for the needs of the emerging issues. Therefore, this has ensured the sufficient delivery of health services. A performance appraisal is conducted to evaluate each work and then a reward is given. Budgetary allocation of health services in the national budget has enabled creation of commi ssions and authorities that ensure that there is justice and equality in the administration of national health services through the HR management (Goyal 19). There is also the development of a similar treatment for all departments to ensure that equality prevails in all the represented

Financial Markets and Institutions Assignment February 2015

Financial Markets and Institutions February 2015 - Assignment Example ging in the discussion, it is important to note that the role of the central bank and the extent of its involvement may vary according to the presence of different stakeholders and varying legislations. For instance, the US central bank does not regulate the financial sector while on the other hand other governmental parts have to approve the intervention measures of Japan’s central bank. This paper outlines the importance of publications of the central bank and related forecasts of the macroeconomic trends of an economy. The paper shows that information and views of the central bank are important to stakeholders such as forecasting agencies and market players. Different economists agree that the pivotal role of the central bank is macroeconomic stabilization. The macroeconomic stabilisation role involves the central bank keeping in check the exchange rate, price levels, and payment systems in the domestic market. Overdependence on business cycles as well as operations of multinational enterprises in the domestic market may pose a serious financial threat to an economy. These factors may distort prices, including foreign exchange rates and interest rates, which can create insolvency, severe fluctuations, and disruption of the domestic economy. For an economy to achieve economic development there has to be financial stability otherwise, the economy will become fragile, reduce agent’s confidence, and cause moral hazards. The lack of financial stability leads to borrowers obtaining lower wealth than normal proceeds from an investment project. On the other hand, low agent confidence and the unpredictability of future trends may bore higher agency costs and undermine the performance of the investment sector. Driffill et al (2003) agree that financial stability and monetary policy go hand in hand. Driffill et al (2003) base this argument on the fact that the activities of the central bank aim at stabilising price fluctuations and smoothing interest rates, which is

Islamic peace and war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic peace and war - Essay Example Thesis statement: The Islamic point of view on peace is based on restoration of peace, and war is based on internal insurgencies and external aggressions, not on religious motivation to fulfill selfish motives or to create an Islamic world. The Islamic point of view on peace is based on morality, cooperation, and common goodness. Besides, an Islamic state is responsible to disregard differences and to propagate freedom and peaceful co-existence. John Kelsay stated that, â€Å"In its broadest sense, the Islamic view of peace, like its western counterpart, is in fact part of a theory of statecraft founded on notions of God, of humanity, and of the relations between the two† (30). On the other side, diversity is one of the core aspects of peace in Islam. One can see that peaceful co-existence cannot be implemented without the help of a strong central authority. At the same time, human life is considered as sacred in Islamic point of view. Besides, killing one self (suicide) and killing others is not the proper way to attain salvation. To be specific, human beings must show willingness to follow the rules and regulations in a society. One can see that strict implementation of laws and regulations can maintain peace and security in a society. For instance, the low rate of criminal activities in the Middle Eastern Islamic states proves the same. Within this scenario, the criminals are aware of the fact that their instinct to commit crime will attract strict punishment from the authorities. Still, the strict implementation of laws and regulations cannot be considered as attempt to neglect individual liberty because common welfare and peace is important. Besides, Islam propagates peace, disregarding any sort of difference based on caste, sex, or racial identity. So, the Islamic point of view on peace is based on Islamic teachings, and the strict maintenance of laws and regulations in a society, by providing importance to

Designing a Team Strategy. Teaming Up for a Worthy Project Essay

Designing a Team Strategy. Teaming Up for a Worthy Project - Essay Example For instance, if the personality of A is extroverted and B is introverted, A should be able to use that engaging personality to draw B out of her shell, while keeping it tamer so that B will not be overwhelmed. On the other hand, B will just have to reach out a little more just so she gets to connect with A as a compromise. That is usually the dynamics of working to get along with others. In doing so, more productive relationships ensue and there is more likelihood of common goals being achieved. This paper will discuss how teams can work more effectively according to some theories and considering members’ personality profiles as analyzed from the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. The team project to be discussed is the organization of a proposal to be presented for bidding for a special event. The team is composed of five individuals with varying backgrounds and skills. The members are tasked to work on organizing a seminar-workshop on Work-Life Balance for middle manag ement. The designated leader of the group has worked with various companies and has developed his network of credible resource people that he can invite as speakers for the seminar. Aside from the leader, the team is composed of an accountant, a mother, an artist and a researcher. The team members all work for an events management company. Working in Groups Collaborative work can bring about group process gains as well as group process losses (Thatcher and de la Cour, 2003). Group process gains are positive outcomes derived from working with other members. One such gain is the provision of synergy or a group member being creatively stimulated by the other members. Other benefits of working in groups are the efficient exchange of ideas and information, exposure to different views, collection of objective feedback and a host of other learning effects. However, groups may not always be as effective as expected, and group process losses negate the positive outcomes of group process gain s. Dominance is one such group process’ downside (Hiltz et al, 1986). This is because in groups discussions, only one person can talk at a time and this may block out, forget, neglect or not give enough time other members’ ideas if the speaker is dominant. Diehle and Stoebe (1991) also identify evaluation apprehension, which is the fear of members to be negatively evaluated by other members when they become more active and visible in the group participation. Social loafing may then be the result. This happens when an individual member feels less inclined to participate in the expectation that his efforts may not hold water with the group. Finally, free-riding is another group process loss. This happens when a group participant feels that his contribution may be dispensable (Barry & Stewart, 1997). Hence, he reduces his participation to just going along with the majority and exert less effort in contributing his share. Thatcher & de la Cour (2003) identify more group pr ocess losses that groups should be wary of in order to be more effective. These are cognitive inertia or getting stuck in usual patterns of thought and routine; information overload or coming up with too many ideas that focus on the main objective may be lost; and excessive socializing, that little time is left for actual

Oral PE History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oral PE History - Essay Example Stereotypical ideas of True Womanhood constrained girls like Wendy into a tightly defined entity in which physical activity was considered too robust a pursuit for a delicate female and negative connotations of the New Woman who was then threatening this Victorian concept further functioned to reduce her available options. To understand how this could be so, Wendy Strain’s life experiences as a child growing up in 1960s suburban Detroit will be related to these social and cultural concepts. Wendy Strain is a 50 year old woman who spent her childhood in a suburb of Detroit in a middle class household with aspirations for greatness. Clinging to the ideals of the gentry of a century earlier, her parents strongly adhered to the concepts of the True Woman. â€Å"The attributes of True Womanhood, by which a woman judged herself and was judged by her husband, her neighbors and society, could be divided into four cardinal virtues – piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. Put them all together and they spelled mother, daughter, sister, wife – woman. Without them, no matter whether there was fame, achievement or wealth, all was ashes. With them, she was promised happiness and power† (Welter, 1966: 152). According to Poovey (1988), it was by â€Å"linking morality to a figure (rhetorically) immune to the self-interest and competition integral to economic success, [the cult] preserved virtue without inhibiting productivity† thus creating a perfec t world in which men were free to pursue every material pursuit they wished while women were constrained to remain at home and protect the moral and ethical values of the family unit. A woman could not participate in competitive sport under this ideology not only because it was against the nature of the True Woman to participate in any activity that could not be conducted inside the home, but also because it would have introduced this element of competition that was restricted to the male world. Strain indicates

A Problem in the Field of Finance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Problem in the Field of Finance - Article Example The accounting professionals consider it routine when they have to tell a lie or rip anyone off from their lives’ earnings. The real estate bubble was created in order to get people to buying lots of homes and lands. In the longer run perspective, these investments were not a set of good choices and those who sold these houses were well aware of their nature but regardless of that they pushed people into the extremely dangerous endeavors. This is not the whole story because banks sold mortgages in England on floating interest rates and when rates moved up then the families have to sell everything they had to their names only in order to go bankrupt. The business professionals shamelessly argued that â€Å"it is just business† but they do not know that they have lost being human during the process of fulfilling their filthy commercial responsibilities. The traditional accounting field became plagued with the presence of irregularities to an extent where financial reports have just become irrelevant for investors and they are making their decisions based on the organizational ability to pay dividend s on a regular basis if yes then they deserve the money otherwise investors take their money to some other fruitful opportunity (Leone & Liu, 2010). The accounting’s basic and fundamental purpose of â€Å"creating interest in shareholders† is dying out with the passage of time. Finally, I argue that one should attempt to remain as human as possible due to hardships in this venture. Accounting and financial crimes are unethical in nature and therefore, they have their solution in ethics (Dann & Haddow, 2008). The accounting professionals are supposed to commit themselves to higher standards of human life in order to become good at what they do. The force of Mother Nature blessed every human with a sense of right and wrong. At the end of the day, evil succumb to good and there is a historical proof of that as well. The result of

Considered for academic reinstatement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Considered for academic reinstatement - Essay Example me tasks for the city and borough of Juneau as a Security Officer; (3) I inadvertently took several Law Enforcement classes all over the country which were too structured and used up most of my spare time; (4) I was also an Army reserve and therefore, due to longer hours spent at work, there remained virtually shortened time periods for both compliance to academic requirements and to personal rest; and finally (5) time constraint inevitably limited access to references and sources for academic compliance. Currently, I definitely am not satisfied with my general standing in the program. I am aware that the desire and pursuit to attain my original vision is still aflame. With the awareness of the rationale for failure to sustain the required GPA, I am more than determined to overcome whatever obstacles I have recently encountered. I realize that my ultimate objective of finishing the program I started with Empire State College is still my priority. In this regard, with renewed hope and unwavering spirit, I humbly seek for re-admission in the program. The dilemma brought about by mistakes in the previous semester made me aware that I deeply regret the academic lapses. The realization and threat of being totally obliterated from the program awakened my senses. I have planned the following measures to improve and maintain the required GPA: (1) severance of my employment responsibilities for the state of Alaska and the city of Juneau to make compliance to academic requirements my priority; (2) leave the Army; (3) participate more actively in study groups; (3) consult with my advisor and professors for academic requirements; (4) be more involved in both curricular and extracurricular activities; (5) apply time management techniques to prioritize tasks and responsibilities; and (6) seriously prepare for tests and examinations to maximize learning. I have utilized the same techniques when I took specialized training for the State of Alaska. I am aware that it is a

Crunchie Bones Essay Example for Free

Crunchie Bones Essay The aim of this experiment is to test whether or not a Crunchie bar could be used as a bone replacement. If this were possible the crunchie would have to be strong enough to support the patients life style. The Crunchie bar will be used to replace a leg bone. After the experiment I will calculate the ultimate breaking stress of the Crunchie and then compare this to the ultimate breaking stress of a leg bone. I will calculate the stress by using the formula: The apparatus is going to be set up as follows: I will tighten both of the G-clamps by 90 at the same time, then I will read off the force on the dial of the scales. I will read the dial from directly above otherwise parallax may occur. I am using three crunchies at the same time, as this will be more reliable. To make the measurements accurate I will calibrate the scales after the crunchies and wooden boards have been put on to it. I will ensure that the G-clamps are placed in the middle of the blocks so that the pressure off these blocks is spread over all of the bars, and not just on one side. The safety aspect of this experiment is that the G-clamps may fall off and cause an accident. Results Degree turns ( ) Force in Newtons (N) 90 58.8 180 147.0 270 264.6 360 431.2 450 617.4 540 833.0 630 1038.8 720 1185.8 810 1176.0 900 1127.0 990 1097.6 1080 1097.6 1170 1097.6 1260 1097.6 1350 1097.6 1440 1097.6 I have, as accurately as possible, measured the surface area of one crunchie, the measurements were: 140mm x 25mm = 3500mm To use the stress formula the surface area needs to be in m , to get this I will: 3500 x 1000000 = 0.0035m As I have used three crunchie bars I will need to times the above value by 3: 0.0035 x 3 = 0.0105m Using the above results table I have constructed a graph. As it and the results table shows the crunchie bars held up against a great force, then went the force reached 1190.0N, the crunchie bars crumbled. This meant the up ward force from the crunchie bars went and the force dropped down to1097.6N this force continued when the G-clamps were continued to be turned. Calculations By doing the following calculations I will determine the ultimate breaking stress of the crunchie bars for one leg. Stress ( ) = force (f) Area (A) Stress ( ) = 1190.0 N 0.0105 m Stress ( ) = 113333.3 Pa = 11 x 10 Pa Due to inaccuracies of the scales I am going to calculate the maximum and minimum values of the force and then calculate the breaking stress due to these differences. Maximum force = 1200 N Minimum force = 1180 N Maximum Stress = 1200 N 0.0105m = 114285.7 Pa (1dp) = 1.14 x 10 Pa Minimum Stress = 1180 N 0.0105m = 112380.9 Pa (1dp) = 1.12 x 10 Pa I have accounted for the inaccuracies of the scales and of the turning of the G-clamps by drawing error boxes on the graph. The size of the error boxes is 20N x 36 . Further calculations will determine whether or not the crunchie bar would be a suitable replacement for a leg bone. Average mass of human = 60kg Weight = mass x gravity = 60 x 9.8 = 588 N Area of crunchie bar = 0.0105m Area for two legs: 0.0105 x 2 = 0.021m Stress = F A = 600N = 600N 0.021m 0.0105m = 28571.4 (1dp) = 2.8 x 10 Pa Stress = 57142.9 Pa (1dp) (1 leg) = 5.7 x 10 Pa By using question eight from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I can see that the crunchie bar would not be able to be used as a bone replacement. This is because the value given in the book for stress on the leg bone when someone standing still is 10 Pa and so is bigger than the 2.8 x 10 Pa, therefore the crunchie would shatter when under this stress. When investigating further and by using question nine from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I found that there is a bigger value for stress when the person moves or in the case of question nine, jumps off a wall. The below calculations show that the crunchie bar would be unable to with stand the stress of the patient moving: Height of wall = 1.5m Time taken = 0.1s Gravity = 9.8ms = 9.8Nkg Mass = 70kg a = v t = 5.42 0.1 = 54.2 ms F= ma = 70kg x 54.2ms = 3.80 x 10 N Calculations for crunchie bars: Area of both legs = 60 x 10 m Area of crunchies = 0.0105m Calculations for bone: Man lands on two legs = 0.0105 x 2 Stress = F = 0.021m A Stress = F = 3.80 x 10 N A 60 x 10 m = 3.80 x 10 N = 6.3 x 10 Pa 0.021m = 18095238.1 Pa = 1.8 x 10 Pa These calculations show that the crunchie bar could not with stand the stress when the patient moved. This is shown in the calculations because the value of stress on the crunchie bars when put in this situation is greater than that of the leg bones. Therefore the crunchie bars would break. Overall this experiment has shown that a crunchie bar could not be used as a suitable bone replacement as it would not be able to with stand the ultimate breaking stress of a person if they were standing still or if the person was moving. If I had more time to continue this experiment I would make a piece of apparatus, like a protractor, that enabled me to measure the degree turns that I made when turning the G-clamps making my measurements more accurate. Using the apparatus I could also make more turns such as 45 turns as well as 90 turns.

Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate Sample Essay Example for Free

Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate Sample Essay Total: 201,810 Pesos| B. FOOTINGS, COLUMNS AND BEAMS Item Description| Quantity| Unit| Unit Cost (Pesos)| Total Cost| 1. Albay Sand| 71| m3| 380| 26,980| 2. Coarse Aggregate| 141| m3| 850| 119,850| 3. Portland CementAlbay Sand| very small| m3| | | 20. Portland Cement| 1| pc| 230| 230| 21. Labor Cost (30%)| | | | 42,117| 22. Indirect Cost (10%)| | | | 14,039| Total: 196,542 Pesos| K. ELECTRICAL WORKS Item Description| Quantity| Unit| Unit Cost (Pesos)| Total Cost| 1. Panel Board Main | 1| unit| 3,500| 3,500| 2. 4† Electrical Tape| 3| pcs| 25| 75| 3. Wall Lamp| 16| pcs| 350| 5,600| 4. Triple Switch| 3| pcs| 200| 600| 5. Single Switch| 11| pcs| 150| 1,650| 6. Convenience Outlet| 20| pcs| 150| 3,000| . 20 mm dia. UPVC x 3 m| 10| pcs| 120| 1,200| 8. 25 mm dia. UPVC x 3 m| 3| pcs| 150| 450| 9. 30 mm dia. UPVC x 3 m| 10| pcs| 180| 1,800| 10. 32 mm dia. UPVC x 3 m| 3| pcs| 210| 630| 11. 22 mm2 THHN wire| 1| box| 1,500| 1,500| 12. 3. 5 mm2 THHN wire| 5| box| 1,300| 6,500| 13. 5. 5 mm2 THHN wire| 6| Box| 1,200| 7,200| 14. Labor Cost (30%)| | | | 10,112| 15. Indirect Cost (10%)| | | | 3,371| Total: 47,187 Pesos| L. SUMMATION OF COSTS Item Description| Cost| 1. Site Works | 201,810 Pesos| . Footings, Columns and Beams| 1,469,440 Pesos| 3. Slabs| 458,481 Pesos| 4. 6† CHB Wall| 363,420 Pesos| 5. Ceiling| 301,386 Pesos| 6. Windows| 52,500 Pesos| 7. Doors| 107,100 Pesos| 8. Painting| 248,634 Pesos| 9. Forms and Scaffoldings| 602,778 Pesos| 10. Sanitary Works| 196,542 Pesos| 11. Electrical Works| 47,187 Pesos| 12. 20% Profit| 809,856 Pesos| 13. 10% Legal Expenses| 404,928 Pesos| Total Project Cost: 5,264,062 Pesos Say 5. 27 Million Pesos | The Estimated Cost of the Project: 5,270,000 Pesos

The Negotiation Strategies In International Business Commerce Essay

The Negotiation Strategies In International Business Commerce Essay In business relationships, parties negotiate because they think they can influence the process in such a way that they can get a better deal than simply accepting or rejecting what the other party is offering. Ghauri (2003) says business negotiation is a voluntary process of give and take where both parties modify their offers and expectations in order to come closer to each other. In literature, sometimes bargaining and negotiation are used interchangeably. Negotiation, also called integrative bargaining, refers to win-win negotiation where both or all parties involved can end up with equally beneficial or attractive outcomes. In other words, everyone can win. It is more related to a problem-solving approach, where both parties involved perceive the process of negotiation as a process to find a solution to a common problem. In integrative bargaining however, if negotiations are not properly handled, both parties can end up with a jointly inferior deal. With negotiation, it is possible for both parties to achieve their objectives and one partys gain is not dependent upon the other partys concession. Business negotiation is considered by many authors as being this type of negotiation. The power/dependence relation is another basic characteristic of all negotiation processes. It is closely related to the actual power relation, which is influenced by the value of the relationship to the parties and their available alternatives. Background factors for example the market position can influence the power/dependence relation. The ability to control a relationship is related to the perceived power of two parties, their relative expertise and access to information. This power is a property of the relationship and not an attribute of the actor; in fact, it is closely related to dependence. Therefore, the power relationship is in balance if both parties perceive equal power. The power relationship is unbalanced if one of the parties perceives more power, or if one party is dependent on the other. The dramatic growth of international trade over the last five decades has been not only in terms of volume but in complexity as well. International marketers are now more and more business negotiators, who constantly discuss deals across borders with a variety of people, ranging from consumers to intermediaries and even competitors. Technology often plays a major role in such deals and this could mislead people into believing that the whole negotiation process is principally an engineers discussion based on rational and scientific facts. In fact, technical complexity intermingles with human complexity to render such negotiation processes difficult to manage. A considerable amount of literature is available on negotiations, some of it also on business negotiations but the field of international business negotiations is quite neglected. Strategic Negotiations. Richard Walton etal,1994 identify three primary negotiations strategies. These are forcing, fostering, and escape. Each represents an overarching pattern of interaction that characterizes the negotiations. A strategy does not emerge all at once, but over time as a result of consistent patterns of interaction. A forcing strategy generally involves taking a distributive or win/lose approach to the negotiations, combined with a divide and conquer approach to internal relations in the other side, and an attitudinal approach that emphasizes uncertainty and distrust. By contrast, a fostering strategy generally involves taking an integrative or win/win approach to the negotiations, combined with a consensus approach to internal relations in both sides, and an attitudinal approach that emphasizes openness and understanding. Escape is a non-negotiations strategy in which one or more parties seek to end or undercut the relationship. Dietmeyer and Kaplan (2004) use a res earch-based approach to negotiation that assists sales professionals in reaching their own business goals, while ensuring that their customers meet budget and professional objectives as well-going beyond win-win to achieve true, measurable business value for all parties at the negotiating table. Power and Diplomacy Power. Susan Strange (1998) brings out that power accrues to those who can offer or deny security; those who manage the creation of wealth by production; those who create credit to allow or deny other people to spend today and pay back tomorrow; those who (mis)manage the currency in which credit is denominated; those who have knowledge (advanced technology) which provides military superiority and dominance in other power structures. John De La Mothe (2002), argues that science, technology and innovation have long been key factors in the competitive advantage of nations. Today, however, the new international political economy is being increasingly driven by science and technology in new ways. Integration, globalization and internationalization have all become watchwords for a series of dynamic processes in which science and technology are deeply implicated. As a result, not only are the policies of national governments being exposed in terms of the limits of their sovereignty, but sci ence and technology are being increasingly implicated in a wide array of public issues ranging from security, privacy, development and economic growth to employment, environment, foreign policy and geopolitics. Clearly, in todays emerging world, the ways in which governments organize their science and technology policy, their science and technology intelligence, and their research advisory structures and resources matter more today than ever before. Diplomacy. James Rosenau was one of the first to suggest that the domestic and international are somehow linked and elaborated upon what he termed linkage politics (1969). Scholars focusing on the regional impact of domestic politics are Karl Deutsch (1957) and Ernst Haas (1958). Haas highlights two types of spillover. The first type, functional spillover, occurs when cooperation in certain sectors of the economy (or society) creates technocratic pressure for cooperation in adjoining sectors, thereby propelling integration forward. The second type, political spillover, occurs when ongoing cooperation in certain areas empowers supranational officials to act as informal political entrepreneurs in other areas. In order to manage complex technocratic issues more effectively, rational governments must delegate discretion to experts, judges and bureaucrats, thereby creating powerful new supranational actors with an interest in cooperation. Graham Allison in Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (1971) too, speaks of an overlap between international and domestic politics. In State Power and the Structure of International Trade, Krasner argues that that openness in the world economy is most likely to occur during periods when a hegemonic state is in its ascendancy. As long as the states technological lead is increasing, its leadership will perceive economic advantages to openness, since openness will expand markets for the products of its technologically sophisticated industries. The hegemon will also gain politically, since the opportunity costs of closure will be low, relative to those facing smaller and poorer states. Conversely, when several large, unequally developed states coexist, Krasner predicts that the more backward states will find openness economically and politically costly and will therefore resist it. Greater trade closure will, therefore, result (Keohane 1997). Like Gilpin before him, Krasner too stresses on the influence of the strength of the state on international trade. The crucial point is the correlation between what occurs withi n a state is related to what occurs beyond state boundaries. Robert Putnam in Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two Level Games (1988) argues that domestic structures and diplomacy are interminably entangled and says that the negotiator is under pressure to reconcile domestic and international conflicts. Putnams work challenges the level of analysis approach to studying international relations which stresses the importance of classifying data under three clusters: the systemic, national and the individual (Singer 1961). Mayer (1991) develops a model to explore the implications of domestic political divisions for international strategic engagement in international trade. He explores the subject by treating international trade as a game and identifying the players and examining how they play. The observation that there are several overlapping games being played, a few of them being strategic and others not, is significant. Policies such as tariff, quotas, and export and production subsidies are the tools used by the players to gain a n advantage in the international strategic trade game (Krugman 1986). Work on strategic trade policy builds on game theoretical models which analyse how states use trade policies to leverage their economic performance. India and Nanotechnology (The literature survey included, amongst others, a perusal of annual reports of GOI MOD, DST, CSIR, TIFAC, CII; back issues (app 3years) of Business world, New Scientist, Hindu Businessline and Business Today. ) GOI initiatives include DST launched Nano Science and Technology Initiative (NSTI) with an allocation of Rs. 1000 crore, Government has spent approximately Rs. 250 crore, over the past five years to promote RD in the area of nanotechnology. 100 research projects on the synthesis and assembly of ceramic nanoparticles, nano tubes, nano wires, nanoporous solids, and DNA chips have been supported by the Government. CII Initiatives have resulted in; India-UK Joint Economic and Trade Cooperation, Indo-US High Technology Cooperation Group (HTCG), Nanotechnology partnership with Taiwan, a number of Nanotechnology Conclaves, Nanotechnology Cluster-CMTI, Jharkhand Nanotechnology Initiative, West Bengal Nano Park etc. CII is working closely with the Government of India on US India High-Technology Cooperation Group (HTCG) formed on November 2002. The HTCG acts to facilitate and promote bilateral high-technology trade. The focus areas of the core group include Information Technology, Defense, Life Sciences and Nanotechnology. Realising the potential of nanotechnology, HTCG working group on Nanotechnology is formed to facilitate seamless flow of knowledge between both the countries and joint development projects involving industries. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has put together a 10-point action plan to empower Indian industry to come out with commercial nanotechnology products, which it believes will drive the future of industry worldwide. The action plan includes awareness creation, training and skills development, technology facilitation and networking and facilitating collaborative projects. The Nano Science and Technology Consortium works to create a platform conducive for the growth, promotion and partnering in the field of Nano Science and Technology taking together industries, academics and government through consultative, advisory and educative processes which will provide growth platform for organizations, academics and governments for harnessing the Nano potential at Global level. Companies like Samsung have already entered the Indian market with a range of products using nanotechnology such as refrigerator, washing machine and air-cooler. Samsung uses nano-silver in various compositions in its product range. Further, companies like Tata Steel, Tata Chemicals, Mahindra Mahindra, Nicholas Piramal and Intel have invested around $250 million in the domestic market towards this end. Yash Nanotech has inked agreements with IIT Mumbai, NCL Pune and the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of Advanced Research, Bangalore, to undertake global contract research and set up nanotech manufacturing facilities. Civil Applications. These can be grouped under four heads, namely, detection, including imaging, sensors and sensor networks for the detection of pathogens and chemicals; protection, including decontamination equipment and filters, and personal protection; identification, including anti-counterfeiting and authentication, forensics, quantum cryptography and the market for counterfeit and grey goods; societal impacts, including current regulatory and ethical frameworks, potential impacts on ethics and human rights, and public perception. Application in the field of medicine is one of the most fascinating areas that include new cancer therapies, drug delivery systems, and biomaterials for implants or prosthesis or diagnostic tools, which are under development or already in market. An important area of application of nanotechnology includes novel drug delivery techniques, which are quicker less risky, compared to the costs of developing new drugs. Military Applications. These also flow out from civil applications in areas like; higher performance platforms (aircraft, ships, subs, boats and satellites), enhanced sensing through more sensitive and selective sensors, enhanced human performance, information dominance through enhanced information technology, improved battlefield casualty management, lower life cycle costs with improved materials, coatings, and condition-based maintenance etc. Stake holders. The various stake holders include; governments, Industry, Entrepreneurs, RD, Institutions, Academic Research Institutions, and Society. Case Studies. These can be subdivided into those which pertain to PSUs, RD establishments and Defense and the private sector enterprises. The private sector industries which can be studied for negotiations resulting in various types of partnerships/JVs/MOUs/TOTs etc. are listed below:- Measuring devices equipments: Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd, Icon Analytical equipment. Ltd., Veeco .Health Care: Dabur Research Foundation, Bharat Biotech International Ltd., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. Materials processing: Tata Chemicals, Pune. Reliance India Limited. Automobile: Mahindra Mahindra, Tata Motors, United Nanotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Electronics: Bharat Electronics Ltd, SemIndia Systems, Samtel India.

Life and Death in California :: essays research papers

Life & Death in the State of California   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, the first known execution was of Daniel Frank and it took place in the Colony of Virginia. Frank was executed in 1622 for the crime of theft (University of Alaska). Since the time of Daniel Frank, the death penalty has almost always been a part of our criminal justice system, starting in the colonies and continuing in the United States after we won our independence. As far as the United States goes, I am going to start off in 1930 because this was when the Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, first started to compile data on a fairly regular basis. From 1930 through 1967, 3859 people were executed under civil circumstances in the United States. Others were executed but they were completed under the jurisdiction of the United States military. During this period of nearly forty years over half of those executed (54%) were black, forty five percent were white, and the remaining one percent were from other racial groups – America n Indians (a total of 19 executed from 1930-1967), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), Japanese (2). By far the majority of those being executed were men; only 32 women were executed between 1930 and 1967. During this same period of time the United States Army (and the Air Force) executed 160 people, including 106 executions for murder (21 involved rape), 53 for rape, and one for desertion. The U.S. Navy has not executed anyone since 1849 (University of Alaska). Strong pressure from parties opposed to the use of the death penalty resulted in an unofficial moratorium on executions for several years, with the last one taking place in 1967. Legal challenges to the death penalty led up to a 5-4 United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia. Furman v. Georgia struck down the federal and state capital punishment laws that permitted wide discretion of the application of the death penalty. The majority of the justices ruled these laws as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the eighth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the due process guarantees of the fourteenth amendment. Only Justices Brennan and Marshall declared capital punishment to be unconstitutional in all instances (Furman v. Georgia). Furman v. Georgia led to many new death sentencing laws. The first execution under the new laws took place in Utah when Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad for murder.

AES Corp Essay -- essays research papers

Strategy AES distinguishes itself through developing new products and applications at a low cost. It is committed to social responsibility and empowering its employees through its four main principles which include integrity, fairness, social responsibility and fun. It is â€Å"different† from other corporations because AES is focused on retaining its core values and culture as the corporation expands in size. The company’s sources of sustainable competitive advantage include technical leadership through its innovative research and development team and its worldwide network of distributors and strategic partners. AES is committed to penetrating international markets, specifically in developing or emerging economies, and constantly improving on product development. The case states that AES believes their competitive advantage is a result of its â€Å"agility or speed and its ability to commit to corporate equity and to arrange complex financial transactions.† Structure AES is operating in a network structure. In this structure, employees form groups to solve problems and achieve common objectives. Employees may volunteer for task forces, without any formal credentials, because they are interested in a particular subject or want to set effective company policies. Although employees are not given a formal career path at AES, they are given latitude to move up the career ladder within the company to other positions. The organization has five hierarchical levels, consisting of a set of divisional/regional managers, and three additional levels that exist in the plant. The plant organization consists of three levels: the plant manager, the seven area superintendents, and the front line people. The two cofounders decided â€Å"to avoid creating bureaucratic organizations resembling the government† because of their bad experiences working for the government. As a result, the structure of AES is highly decentralized. This allows managers and employees to both take ownership of their roles and have input on the success of the company. It also allows individuals to develop leadership skills for potential promotions. This flat management structure encourages high employee involvement in all decision-making opportunities. Systems The case revealed that AES uses four measures of performance; shared values, plant operations, assets and sales backlog. Shared values is described as how f... ...n address how to review the manual and make changes if necessary. Finally, the members of the HR manual task force should be adequately compensated for the time and effort they put into the project in addition to their regular job duties. A monetary bonus or compensatory day off will be required to reward them for their hard work and diligence. The next step for AES is to establish a human resource information management (HRIM) system. A HRIM system will allow employees to access information contained in the HR manual through a company intranet. A HRIM system could also help AES employees track their training and development, look for courses to take, search for job openings or cross training opportunities throughout the company, and locate benefit information. As AES plants become more geographically dispersed, a HRIM system will help to communicate the company’s values and strategy to all employees. References: 1.Organizational Alignment: The 7-S Model, Harvard Business School, November 19, 1996 2.Human Resources At The AES Corporation: The Case Of The Missing Department, Graduate School of Business Stanford University, February 1997; Mgt 7640 Course pack 3. www.aes.com

The Climax of I Want You Women Up North to Know :: Want You Women Up North to Know

Lines 85-97 of Tillie Olsen's first published poem "I Want You Women Up North to Know" contain the climactic turning point of this poem, and the language and form reflect this change. Instead of being humble and disjointed victims who remain mostly anonymous, the workers are transformed into an angry and unified group of distinct individuals. This shift in mood is accomplished by three devices: imagery, grouping, and capitalization of proper names. The imagery in this passage helps turn the tone of the poem from victimization to anger. In addition to fire images, the overall language is completely stripped down to bare ugliness. In previous lines, the sordidness has been intermixed with cheerful euphemisms: the agonizing work is an "exquisite dance" (24); the trembling hands are "white gulls" (22); the cough is "gay" (25). But in these later lines, all aesthetically pleasing terms vanish, leaving "sweet and †¦blood" (85), "naked†¦ [and]†¦bony children" (89), and a "skeleton body" (95). Another way this passage turns the mood of the poem is by using grouping and form to link the workers together, both in inference and appearance. Previously, each worker’s situation has been treated as an isolated story, literally separated from the others by a blank line. However, lines 85-97 are crowded together without spaces, suggesting unity by the very appearance of the lines. All of the grievances are briefly repeated, and then a sequence of "ands" binds the one-sentence recaps together. Yet in spite of this sense of solidarity, each person’s story is given its own sentence with a period boundary, subtly emphasizing their individual importance: solidarity is acceptable, but anonymity is not. A final significant device in this passage is the use of capitalization. The proper names of the workers have been sporadically capitalized earlier in the poem, but here they are all consistent and correct. Again, this is an emphasis on individual importance, an insistence that each of these people deserves a unique proper name. The earlier all-lowercase names like "catalina rodiguez" (16) actually blend into the lines of poetry, suggesting crouching and obscurity, but here the uppercase letters in their names stand out clearly from other words. Interestingly, although the personal names are capitalized, "christ" (96) is left in lowercase, similar to the previous treatment of "god" (57, 60, 62). This contrast with the capitalization of the worker’ names implies that God and Christ have failed the workers and are now overshadowed by a budding self-confidence in the workers.

Summary of the Stanford Prison Experiment

Summary of the Stanford Prison Experiment Nicole Bennett University of Winnipeg The Stanford Prison Experiment involved 24 male college students from North America who volunteered locally through advertisements in newspapers. The volunteers had to be living or staying in the Stanford area, totally healthy – psychologically, mentally, emotionally and physically – as well as willing to participate in the study for around 1-2 weeks. For their participation, volunteers would receive a $15 per day compensation.The Stanford Prison research team relied on outside consultants to help them construct a believable prison in the basement of Stanford's Psychology Department. Their prison contained prison cells, a bathroom, an eating and exercise yard, a solitary confinement room and an intercom system to make announcements to the prisoners. Researchers could observe the guards and also the prisoners using a secretly placed system of video cameras and microphones.Researchers divided the 24 volunteers into two random groups. One group was assigned to be the prison guards while the other group became the prisoners. The volunteers assigned as prisoners learned of their involvement and role through being arrested by real police officers in their homes on campus. What followed was an investigation into human nature. Prisoners experienced extreme degradation, punishment, despair, oppression and depression as they began to wholly believe they were prisoners.The guards took their role quite seriously as they strictly enforced the law and asserted their given power and authority. The Stanford Prison Experiment, which was supposed to last for two weeks, ended after six days when researchers realized that guards were becoming incredibly abusive and that the prisoners were beginning to forget that they were not actual prisoners. What this experiment shows is that we adapt and conform to social roles more easily than thought.

Impact of Social Class on Australians’ Life Chances Essay

Sociologists will define contour as categories in the society which be base on in fall out, consideration, or the way they argon viewed by the society. A Marxist epitome on the former(a) hand features on the level of influence an respective(prenominal) has on the means of production. Matthews (2007) further defines a capitalist cast which he says that it is the row that decl atomic number 18s and simplenesss nearly of the originative capital in the society. He says that in Australia, this anatomy amounted to 5 % of the broad(a) population in the year 1998.Theories take in been veritable round(predicate) class that has resulted to legion(predicate) and conflicting ideas and researchers had to shift from using class as a theoretical simulation for research. The dismissal of class analysis of ming conduct societal institutions as dogmatic, and ideological led McLargonn & Farahmandpur to state that matters of class go forth atomic number 18 sanitized and its po werful effects on the manner chances of operative-class students is denuded or made invisible, (Pearce, Down & Moore 2008, para. 2). In Australia, about two thirds of the population is in the operative class.These be slew whose only productive asset is the ability to work. They sell their dig power to their employers who gouge field from the state, individual capitalists among former(a)s, in wander to receive a wage which will enable them achieve suppresss meet. Another popular class is the midpoint class which can be tell to be composed of individuals who own fiddling concernes. They rely on their own tug power to produce output. They ar nevertheless so universe driven away and into bankruptcy by man-sized capital firms. there still constitutes the ruling class they impart to a greater extent accessible weight and power than the rest of the citizens. They harbour a govern influence on scotch policies creation genuine in the nation. They support politic ians and government, politically and pecuniaryly. The state can also be categorized in this class as it is responsible for making and implementation of the natural law (Matthews 2007). Impact to Education There exists variation in the access of university tuition, underachievement in statement correlates negatively with the social class.Children from low-income families have hold access to educational resources. Their p bents rarely pull enough time to second them with their daylight to day challenges at school as they are so much industrious in their work places. They work even over time in order to sustain their families. Some parents in the works class lack education and thence they would be of little help to help their children in doing their homework, they would also not be in a position to spread out employing tutors and this affects their childrens education (Taylor & Fraser 2003).Expectations on the confinement students are that they should conform to the middle -class. They thus undertake to achieve this lieu and power in the main not for their own gain that in order to improve the sum story chances of others in the similar corroborateground. They are more focused in giving back to the community in which they originated rather than want their improvement in form of class status. A strong sense of solidarity is explicit in these students as they have an cast up desire to use their qualifications and professional status to achieve a better career for themselves and others who are like them.They have a passion to bridge the gap mingled with the two classes which they believe that a parcel has still to be d one as the inequality gap is too large (Lins-Dyer & Nucci 2007). The discriminatory education system has unquantifiable restitution that are done to individuals and the society at large. People have been left shadow in the system, others have been discouraged plot of ground yet a quite respectable proportion has been exclu ded from the system. It would not be unreal to claim that social and economic ill-treat is be done through educational discrimination.When Professor Janet McCalman analysed the places where those in the Australian whos who 1988 went to school, it was clear that these transcenders in business professions and politics went to the older private schools (Moorhouse 2010, p. 1). McGregor (1997), views being in the works-class as being equal to being underprivileged, he asserts that people in this class earn and own less, their access to life privileges is minimal as they have poorer education and other goods from the society.In general, the opportunity that they have for good life is much(prenominal) minimal that with a rattling small degree of error, we can claim that equal opportunity does not exist in Australia. Impact to Health It is no wonder that health outcomes really diversify with the social class. The characteristics of protestent social classes can be depicted by a vie w on Morbidity and death rate range. The lower class shows a greater array of lower death rate rates and greater health problems (Greig, Lewins & White, 2003). These differences are actually(prenominal) clear and distinct at birth and throughout the human life cycle. heat content (2001) identifies domains in which health disparity issues differ by the social class. They include psychological domain which contains norms habits, and behavioural intentions. The other is listed as behavioural constraints which include economic resources and situational effects. somatogenetic influences that include physiological stress, genetic dispositions and environ cordial conditions Behavioural constraints involve barriers that prevent one from engaging in health promoting behaviour. These subordinateors are listed by Henry (2001) as economic resources and situation constraints.Economic resources inhibitors are financial limitations that prevent individuals from obtaining health facilities goods, while situational constraints are incidentors that limit the access to these health facilities. They range from lack of adequate health facilities in the community, poor transportation or lack of proper time management in the utility of such(prenominal) services. Physical influences on the other hand are the conditions which extend to physiological health aspirely. He groups them into environmental conditions, physiological stress and genetics A decline in the health is sight as one move level the classes.The middle classPublic consciousness and educational programs can be developed to ensure that health equality is well-kept. brotherly class has taken a detailed point in the studies of health, the coronary heart disease for instance had been considered as a disease for the upper class. On the other hand, the lower class (working-class) have been name to have prevalent lower life expectancy, higher mortality rates and increment mental disorders. Inequality in income brings about psychosocial stress which is a factor that increases the mortality rate it has become apparent that mental illness prevalence has been found among the working class.A direct relationship has been identify to exist between poverty and increase in emotional disturbance. This has led to an increase of psychiatric disorders, drug and alcohol dependency on the working class (Murali & Oyebode 2004). fit in to The Demography of Medical Schools, 59% of applicants in medical school usually come from high social classes. This makes us suspicious that a discriminatory rule is being used in the medical institutions. However, admissions procedures in these schools seem to favour reliable social classes in comparison to others.Requirements such as previous experience in a hospital are being considered for some medical school administration. This curtails the number of students enrolling to such schools as it proves cumbersome to attain such qualifications for most people in the working class. The access to opportunities has been limited for many students and this explains the source why such patterns of students enrolment are being reflected (The Medical News 2004). The reputation of the working class has really changed in Australia with over 65% of the work compel being employed in the professional jobs.In fact if by delimit the working-class as those who have not fronted university education, then it can be said that Australia has graduated to the middle-class. It is surprising to abide by that the vast majority of white-collar jobs holders are part of the working-class. They have less control of their work which is even lower than that of propertyless workers, consequently implying lower wages (Castles 1994). It is very clear that in Australia class has direct consequences on lifestyle. It affects the access to education and status attainment.A child raised in middle-class is more likely to end up in this middle class and the trend would be simil ar for a child raised in the middle-class. As we move up the social class, we are able to meet better health, education and other social facilities, which are communicable to children. The trend thus seems to be perpetuated to upcoming generations. A research conducted by Taylor and Fraser (2003) indicates the innovation of a gap between children liveliness in the different classes. The working class end up having stress in Parents relationships as they are unable to extend impeccable opportunities for their children.Children have in fact confessed that class is a factor that lead to social seclusion in academician life, and a contributing factor for educational disadvantage. Lifes chances are in this case affected by the upright fact that one belongs to a certain class that is either favoured or not by circumstances that prevail in the society. In Australia the government together with other institutions should be concerned and implement policies that would qualify the gap t hat exist between the mixed social classes.Such policies should focus on issues of adequate family income which will ensure that families have adequate resources to cater for the needs of their children and provide adequate opportunities for them, the welfare of workers should also be taken care of to ensure that all(prenominal) worker gets adequate time to attend to the family needs. In the school setting, policies should be developed to ensure that educational disadvantage has been reduced, and the approach of public education to be maintained as low as possible, to adjure equal opportunities for children in all classes. inexpensive assistance should be accorded to specific children with erudition difficulties in order to enhance rectitude at all levels (Taylor & Fraser 2003).Conclusion In conclusion it is very clear that Australia is set about with inequalities and other factors that enhance or inhibit opportunities that are available to children growing in this nation. The re exists a challenge which should be looked at by all the form _or_ system of government makers in private and public enterprises, in order to ensure that the life chances of the children are not affected unfairly by the mere fact of belonging to a certain class.